Main Article Content
Aim: The article aims to compare the approaches to sustainable tourism in Poland and Serbia. It analyzes current consumer trends in the European Union, Poland (as an EU member), and Serbia (as an EU candidate country). The article presents the objectives of both countries’ latest available tourism development strategies. An attempt is made to indicate the desired directions of action in the near future from the perspective of changing expectations of tourists, environmental challenges, and the assumptions of the sustainable development concept. Methods: The methods included desk research (analysis of documents and public policies), content analysis (analysis of the websites of national tourism development agencies), and case studies (indicating specific actions). Results: The analysis of sustainable tourism development in Poland and Serbia indicates significant similarities, but also differences resulting from the political and institutional context. As an EU member, Poland systematically implements the recommendations resulting from a set of political initiatives under the common name of the European Green Deal and the industrial strategy published as the Transformation Path for Tourism, emphasizing the development of low-emission, digital tourism and supporting local communities. In the process of integration with the EU, Serbia is taking actions similar to EU standards, developing tourism based on natural values and cultural heritage. Conclusions: Both in Poland and Serbia, there is a growing interest in sustainable tourism among consumers and changing trends in the expectations of tourists. Environmental challenges, such as excessive pressure from mass tourism, loss of biodiversity, waste generation, and the effects of climate change, require an integrated approach and intersectoral cooperation; in this context, the assumptions of the circular economy are also relevant. This is necessary to balance economic development and the protection of natural resources. Poland and Serbia have significant potential for developing sustainable tourism but face different challenges. Poland should focus on reducing overtourism and better managing tourist traffic, while Serbia should invest in tourist infrastructure and environmental protection. Supporting innovation and ecological education for tourists and local communities is crucial.
Article Details
Angelevska-Najdeska, K., Rakicevik, G. (2012). Planning of sustainable tourism development. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 210‒220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.022 (Crossref)
Arenas-Escaso, J.F., Folgado-Fernández, J.A., Palos- -Sánchez, P.R. (2024). Internet interventions and therapies for addressing the negative impact of digital overuse: a focus on digital free tourism and economic sustainability. BMC Public Health, 24, 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17584-6 (Crossref)
Balińska, A. (2020). City break as a form of urban tourism. The Malopolska School of Economics in Tarnow Research Papers Collection, 46(2), 85‒95. https://doi.org/10.25944/znmwse.2020.02.8595
Balinska, A., Zawadka, J. (2019). Culinary tourism as a way to use the potential of rural areas: the case of Swietokrzyskie Province. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference “Economic Science for Rural Development”, 50, Jelgava, LLU ESAF, 9‒10 May 2019, 14‒20. https://doi.org/10.22616/ESRD.2019.001 (Crossref)
Bramwell, B., Lane, B. (2009). Sustainable tourism and the evolving roles of government planning. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 1‒5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903338790 (Crossref)
Brankov, J., Jovičić, D., Milijašević, D. (2015). Sustainable tourism in National Park “Đerdap”, Serbia – attitudes of the local population. Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 65(2), 183‒199. https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI1502183B (Crossref)
Brendehaug, E., Aall, C., Dodds, R. (2016). Environmental policy integration as a strategy for sustainable tourism planning: issues in implementation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(9), 1257‒1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1259319 (Crossref)
Buzulukova, E., Lobova, E. (2023). Stimulating the growth of “silver” tourism through developing relationships and creating targeted communications with travellers. Population and Economics, 7(4), 103‒123. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e110202 (Crossref)
Charzyński, P., Podgórski, Z., Dąbkowska, A., Stawska, M. (2017). Assessment of the recognisability and attractiveness of regional kinds of Polish cuisine in the context of culinary tourism. Geography and Tourism, 5(1), 7‒18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.829303
Churugsa, W., McIntosh, A.J., Simmons, D. (2007). Sustainable tourism planning and development: Understanding the capacity of local government. Leisure/Loisir, 31(2), 453‒473. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651391 (Crossref)
Co-Evolve4BG (2025). Tourism can be key part of new EU Green Deal: UN World Tourism Organization. Retrieved from https://www.enicbcmed.eu/tourism-and-new-green-deal-europe (accessed: 12.03.2025).
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions “The European Green Deal”. COM/2019/640 final. Brussels, 11.12.2019. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52019DC0640 (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Communication from the Commission “Europe 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth”. COM(2010) 2020, Brussels, 3.3.2010. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%20 2020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Cvijanovic, D., Radović, G., Vojinović, Ž. (2017). Significance of the sustainable development of rural tourism in the Republic of Serbia. Problems of Agricultural Economics, 351(2), 95‒108. https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/83022 (Crossref)
Đenadić, M., Rudež, J. (2018). Wine tourism as a factor of tourism positioning in Serbia. Tourism International Scientific Conference Vrnjačka Banja – TISC, 3(2), 645‒662. Retrieved from https://www.tisc.rs/proceedings/index.php/hitmc/article/view/80 (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Dimitrijević, M., Bošković, N., Tubić Ćurčić, T. (2024). Sustainable tourism in the function of economic development of the republic of Serbia. Tourism International Scientific Conference Vrnjačka Banja – TISC, 8(1), 315‒325. https://doi.org/10.52370/TISC24315MD (Crossref)
Dunne, G., Flanagan, S., Buckley, J. (2010). Towards an understanding of international city break travel. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 409‒417. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.760 (Crossref)
European Commission [EC] (2022). Transition Pathway for Tourism. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/docs-room/documents/49498/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native (accessed: 05.05.2025).
European Commission [EC] (2024). Tourism Industrial Ecosystem. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://transition-path-ways.europa.eu/system/files/2024-09/Tourism%20Factsheet%20V3_1.pdf (accessed: 15.11.2024).
European Court of Auditors [ECA] (2021). EU Support to tourism. Need for a fresh strategic orientation and a better funding approach. Special Report 27. European Court of Auditors (ECA). Retrieved from https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR21_27/ SR_EU-invest-tourism_EN.pdf (accessed: 11.12.2024).
Egger, I., Lei, S.I., Wassler, P. (2020). Digital free tourism – An exploratory study of tourist motivations. Tourism Management, 79, 104098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104098 (Crossref)
El Archi, Y., Benbba, B., Kabil, M., Dávid, L.D. (2023). Digital technologies for sustainable tourism destinations: State of the art and research agenda. Administrative Sciences, 13(8), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13080184 (Crossref)
Erdeji, I., Gagić, S., Jovičić, A., Medić, S. (2013). Development of rural tourism in Serbia. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, Special Issue 2, 309‒315.
Gabor, M.R., Panait, M., Bacoş, I.B., Naghi, L.E., Oltean, F.D. (2023). Circular tourism economy in European Union between competitiveness, risk and sustainability. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 32, 103407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103407 (Crossref)
Gajić, T., Popov Raljić, J., Blešić, I., Aleksić, M., Vukolić, D., Petrović, M. D., Yakovenko, N. V., Sikimić, V. (2021). Creating Opportunities for the Development of Craft Beer Tourism in Serbia as a New Form of Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability, 13(16), 8730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168730 (Crossref)
Geng, Y., Zhang, X., Gao, J., Yan, Y., Chen, L. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of sustainable tourism using CiteSpace. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 202, 123310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123310 (Crossref)
Gheorghe, G., Tudorache, P., Nistoreanu, P. (2014). Gastronomic tourism, a new trend for contemporary tourism? Cactus Tourism Journal, 9(1), 12‒21.
Gogarty, J. (2025). How “marathon tourism” replaced the mates city break. Retrieved from: https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/marathon-tourism (accessed: 12.03.2025).
Gralak, K. (2016). Wybrane aspekty rozwoju turystyki city break na przykładzie Warszawy. Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny, 6, 23‒34. https://doi.org/10.22630/TIRR.2016.6.18 (Crossref)
Grujić Vučkovski, B., Paraušić, V., Kljajić, N. (2023). Impact of realized investments in new fixed assets on gross domestic product in Serbia. Economics of Agriculture, 70(3), 737‒754. https://doi.org/10.59267/ekoPolj2303737G (Crossref)
Hall, D.R. (1998). Tourism development and sustainability issues in Central and South-Eastern Europe. Tourism Management, 19(5), 423‒431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00039-9 (Crossref)
Hassan, A. F., Karim, A. M., Hameed, J. (2022). Hybrid model for remote work practice in the post pandemic era: prospects and challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 1920–1926. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i12/15988 (Crossref)
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2018). Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something more? Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 157‒160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.017 (Crossref)
Ilić, I., Nikolić, A. (2018). Implications of modern technology development for the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia. ЕКОНОМИКА, 64(1), 37‒52. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1801037I (Crossref)
Jang, Y., Chen, C-C., Miao, L. (2019). Last-minute hotel-booking behavior: the impact of time on decision-making. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 38, 49‒57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.11.006 (Crossref)
Jie, W. (2024). Marathons offer new catalyst for cultural tourism development. Retrieved from: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202404/1310148.shtml (accessed: 12.03.2025).
Kalenjuk Pivarski, B., Tešanović, D., Šmugović, S., Ivanović, V., Paunić, M., Vuković Vojnović, D., Vujasinović, V., Gagić Jaraković, S. (2024). Gastronomy as a predictor of tourism development – Defining food-related factors from the perspective of hospitality and tourism employees in Srem (A.P. Vojvodina, R. Serbia). Sustainability, 16(24), 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410834 (Crossref)
Kamińska, N. (2024). Piotr Borys: Nowa strategia rozwoju będzie dla polskiej turystyki przełomem. Retrieved from https://turystyka.rp.pl/nowe-trendy/art41568281-piotr-borys-nowa-strategia-rozwoju-bedzie-dla-polskiej-turystyki-przelomem (accessed: 11.12.2024).
Kapera, I. (2024). Healthcare Significance in Tourists’ Destination Choices: A case study of Polish travelers. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 31(2), 45‒49. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2024-0014 (Crossref)
Kelly, N., Kelliher, F. (2021). Mining for silver: the role of micro-firm adaptive strategizing capabilities in harnessing senior tourism. Small Enterprise Research, 29(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.1967777 (Crossref)
Kiczmachowska, E.E. (2025). The war-related impacts on tourism in neighbouring countries: Poland in the face of the war in Ukraine. Krakow Review of Economics and Management – Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, 1(1007), 49‒74. https://doi.org/10.15678/krem.15946 (Crossref)
Kim, E.J., Kim, E.L., Kim, M., Tanford, S. (2023). Post-pandemic hotel cancellation policy: situational cues as perceived risk triggers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 153‒160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.019 (Crossref)
Kim, S., Filimonau, V., Dickinson, J.E. (2022). Tourist perception of the value of time on holidays: implications for the time use rebound effect and sustainable travel practice. Journal of Travel Research, 62(2), 362‒381. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211064636 (Crossref)
Koščak, M., O’Rourke, T. (2021). Post-pandemic sustainable tourism management: the new reality of managing ethical and responsible tourism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003153108 (Crossref)
Kostić, M., Lakićević, M., Milićević, S. (2018). Sustainable tourism development of mountain tourism destinations in Serbia. Ekonomika poljoprivrede, 65(2), 843‒857. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1802843K (Crossref)
Kucner, A., Rutkowska, A. (2023). Ekonomia cyrkularna jako czynnik rozwoju produktów i usług turystycznych Szlaku Kulturowego Kanału Elbląskiego. Turystyka Kulturowa, 129(4), 187‒210. (Crossref)
Kuhn, V.R., Anjos, S.J.G. dos, Krause, R.W. (2023). Innovation and creativity in gastronomic tourism: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 35, 100813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100813 (Crossref)
Lim, J-E., Lee, H.R. (2020). Living as Residents in a Tourist Destination: A phenomenological approach. Sustainability, 12 (5), 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051836 (Crossref)
Lupu, C., Rodrigues, A-I., Gallarza, M. (2023). Using travel blogs to explore the image of Romania as an emerging tourism destination. European Journal of Tourism Research, 34, 3406. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2566 (Crossref)
Maksin, M., Milijić, S. (2010). Strategic planning for sustainable spatial, landscape, and tourism development in Serbia. Spatium, 23, 30‒37. https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT1023030M (Crossref)
Maksin, M., Milijić, S., Krunić, N., Ristić, V. (2014). Spatial and sectoral planning support to sustainable territorial and tourism development of protected mountain areas in Serbia. Spatium, 32, 15‒21. https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT1432015M (Crossref)
Metodijeski, D., Temelkov, Z. (2014). Tourism policy of Balkan countries: review of national tourism development strategies. UTMS Journal of Economics, 5(2), 231‒238. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/105266 (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Micek, D., Rożniatowska, K., Maźnica, Ł. (2023). Branżowy Bilans Kapitału Ludzkiego. Branża turystyczna. Raport z II edycji badań. PARP, Warszawa. Retrieved from https://www.parp.gov.pl/storage/publications/pdf/38-Turystyka_WCAG_03012024.pdf (accessed: 12.12.2024).
Mihalic, T. (2016). Sustainable-responsible tourism discourse – Towards ‘responsustable’ tourism. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(B), 461‒470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.062 (Crossref)
Ministerstwo Sportu i Turystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej [MSiT] (2015). Program rozwoju turystyki do 2020 roku (Tourism Development Program until 2020). Załącznik do uchwały nr 143/2015 Rady Ministrów z dnia 18 sierpnia 2015 r. Retrieved from https://bip.msit.gov.pl/download/2/5752/Program_Rozwoju_Turystyki_do_2020.pdf (accessed: 11.10.2024).
Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications of the Republic of Serbia [MTO] (2016). Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia 2016–2025. Government of the Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications, Belgrade. Retrieved from https://mto.gov.rs/extfile/sr/213/TOURISM%20DEVELOPMENT%20STRATEGY%20OF%20RS%202016-2025.pdf (accessed: 12.11.2024).
Niedbała, G., Jęczmyk, A., Steppa, R., Uglis, J. (2020). Linking of traditional food and tourism. The Best Pork of Wielkopolska – Culinary Tourist Trail: A Case Study. Sustainability, 12(13), 5344. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135344 (Crossref)
Nocca, F., Bosone, M., De Toro, P., Fusco Girard, L. (2023). Towards the Human Circular Tourism: Recommendations, Actions, and Multidimensional Indicators for the Tourist Category. Sustainability, 15(3), 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031845 (Crossref)
Obradović, S. (2024). Unveiling the drivers of environmentally responsible behavior in Valjevo, Western Serbia: implications for sustainable urban tourism. GeoJournal, 89, 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-024-11139-x (Crossref)
Obradović, S., Stojanović, V., Kovačić, S., Jovanovic, T., Pantelić, M., Vujičić, M. (2021). Assessment of residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism development – A case study of Bačko Podunavlje Biosphere Reserve, Serbia. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 35, 100384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100384 (Crossref)
Paul, I., Roy, G. (2023). Tourist’s engagement in eco-tourism: A review and research agenda. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 316‒328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.01.002 (Crossref)
Paulauskaite, D., Powell, R., Coca-Stefaniak, J.A., Morrison, A.M. (2017). Living like a local: Authentic tourism experiences and the sharing economy. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19, 619‒628. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2134 (Crossref)
Pawłowska-Legwand, A., Matoga, Ł. (2020). Disconnect from the digital world to reconnect with the real life: An Analysis of the potential for development of unplugged tourism on the example of Poland. Tourism Planning & Development, 18(6), 649–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2020.1842487 (Crossref)
Pernice, D., Kuzhym, O. (2024). Fact sheets on the European Union. Tourism. European Parliament. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/126/tourism (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Petrović, M. D., Vujko, A., Gajić, T., Vuković, D.B., Radovanović, M., Jovanović, J.M., Vuković, N. (2018). Tourism as an approach to sustainable rural development in post-socialist countries: a comparative study of Serbia and Slovenia. Sustainability, 10(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010054 (Crossref)
Polska Organizacja Turystyczna [POT] (2025). Strategia rozwoju turystyki dla Polski do 2030 roku – konsultacje rozpoczęte. Pierwsza konferencja w Zielonej Górze za nami (Tourism Development Strategy for Poland until 2030 – consultations have started. The first conference in Zielona Góra is over). Retrieved from https://www.pot.gov.pl/pl/nowosci/wiadomosci-z-pot/strategia-rozwoju-turystyki-dla-polski-do-2030-roku-konsultacje-rozpoczete-pierwsza-konferencja-w-zielonej-gorze-za-nami (accessed: 14.03.2025).
Polska Moc Biznesu (2024, 12 December). Cyrkularność gospodarki jako klucz do zrównoważonego rozwoju. Money.pl. Retrieved from https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/cyrkularnosc-gospodarki-jako-klucz-do-zrownowazonego-rozwoju-7102085347240608a.html (accessed: 12.12.2024).
Roblek, V., Drpić, D., Meško, M., Milojica, V. (2021). Evolution of sustainable tourism concepts. Sustainability, 13(22), 12829. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212829 (Crossref)
Samal, R., Dash, M. (2023). Ecotourism, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods: Understanding the convergence and divergence. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 11(1), 1‒20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.11.001 (Crossref)
Sekulić, D., Mandarić, M., Milovanović, V. (2016). Motivation of travelers for participation in wine tourism in Serbia. Ekonomika Poljoprivrede, 63(4), 1237‒1252. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1604237S (Crossref)
Sekulovic, N. (2015). Trends and new initiatives in tourism at the time of the general economic crisis and the current situation in Serbian tourism. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1628‒1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00451-7 (Crossref)
Sharma, A., Arora, S. (2022). Virtual reality and blogging in tourism: approached towards creating better tourist experience. Journal of Tourism Insights, 12(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.9707/2328-0824.1252 (Crossref)
Sharma, V., Bhat, D.A.R. (2023). The role of community involvement in sustainable tourism strategies: A social and environmental innovation perspective. Business Strategy & Development, 6(2), 119‒127. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.227 (Crossref)
Simão, J.N., Partidário, M.R. (2012). How does tourism planning contribute to sustainable development? Sustainable Development, 20, 372‒385. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.495 (Crossref)
Śliwa, K. (2022). Ekonomia cyrkularna. Nowy buzzword czy przyszłość biznesu? Retrieved from https://www.academyofbusiness.pl/ekonomia-cyrkularna-nowy-buzz¬word-czy-przyszlosc-biznesu/ (accessed: 12.12.2024).
Štetić, S, Šimičević, D. (2008). How to develop sustainable tourism in rural destinations in Serbia. Bulletin of The Serbian Geographical Society, 88(4), 19‒28. https://doi.org/10.2298/GSGD0804019S (Crossref)
Strzelecka, M., Wicks, B. E. (2010). Engaging residents in planning for sustainable rural-nature tourism in post-communist Poland. Community Development, 41(3), 370‒384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330903359614 (Crossref)
Szlachciuk, J., Kulykovets, O., Dębski, M., Krawczyk, A., Górska-Warsewicz, H. (2022). How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the tourism behaviour of international students in Poland? Sustainability, 14(14), 8480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148480 (Crossref)
Torres-Delgado, A., López Palomeque, F. (2012). The growth and spread of the concept of sustainable tourism: The contribution of institutional initiatives to tourism policy. Tourism Management Perspectives, 4, 1‒10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.05.001 (Crossref)
Trišić, I., Štetić, S., Privitera, D., Nedelcu, A. (2020). Wine Routes in Vojvodina Province, Northern Serbia: A tool for sustainable tourism development. Sustainability, 12(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010082 (Crossref)
TTP Reports (2024). Tourism Transition Pathway: the EU strategy to boost green and digital transformation. EU Tourism Platform, 14 August 2024. Retrieved from https://transition-pathways.europa.eu/ttp-reports/tourism-transition-pathway-eu-strategy-boost-green-and-digital-transformation (accessed: 10.10.2024).
United Nations [UN] (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1). Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf (accessed: 10.10.2024).
Vapa Tankosić, J., Ignjatijević, S., Lekić, N., Kljajić, N., Ivaniš, M., Andžić, S., Ristić, D. (2023). The role of environmental attitudes and risk for adoption in respect to the farmers’ participation in the agri-environmental practices. Agriculture, 13(12), 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13122248 (Crossref)
Volo, S. (2010). Bloggers’ reported tourist experiences: Their utility as a tourism data source and their effect on prospective tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(4), 297‒311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766710380884 (Crossref)
Vuković, P., Vasile, A.J., Kljajić, N., Arsić, S. (2024). Possibilities for active tourist holidays in rural areas in the region of AP Vojvodina, Serbia. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 11(1), 98‒110. https://doi.org/10.18488/31.v11i1.3780 (Crossref)
World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (1995). Charter for Sustainable Tourism. UNWTO Declarations, 5(4). Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/unwtodeclarations.1995.05.04 (accessed: 10.10.2024).
World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (2018). Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419401 (Crossref)
World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (2024). World Tourism Barometer, 22(2). UN Tourism, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/wtobarometereng (Crossref)
Waligo, V., Clarke, J., Hawkins, R. (2015). Embedding stakeholders in sustainable tourism strategies. Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 90‒93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.09.002 (Crossref)
Widawski, K., Krzemińska, A., Zaręba, A., Dzikowska, A. (2023). A sustainable approach to tourism development in rural areas: the example of Poland. Agriculture, 13(10), 2028. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102028 (Crossref)
Woś, B. (2014). Api-tourism in Europe. Journal of Environmental and Tourism Analyses, 2(1), 66‒74.
Yfantidou, G., Matarazzo, M. (2017). The future of sustainable tourism in developing countries. Sustainable Development, 25, 459‒466. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1655 (Crossref)
Zarządzenie nr 22 Ministra Sportu i Turystyki z dnia 30 listopada 2016 r. w sprawie Programu współpracy z organizacjami pozarządowymi oraz innymi podmiotami wymienionymi w art. 3 ust. 3 ustawy o działalności pożytku publicznego i o wolontariacie na lata 2017‒2020 (Dz. Urz. MSiT z 2016 r. poz. 30). Retrieved from https://bip.msit.gov.pl/download/2/7193/Zarza-dzenieOgloszone.pdf (accessed: 11.10.2024).
Downloads
- Iwona Pomianek, Agnieszka Hasiec, COHERENCE OF THE SPENDING OF EU FUNDS IN THE SZCZEBRZESZYN MUNICIPALITY IN POLAND IN 2014–2020: EXPECTATIONS OF INHABITANTS FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021)
- Iwona Pomianek, DIVERSITY OF POLISH REGIONS IN THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 19 No. 3 (2020)
- Iwona Pomianek, DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE OPINION OF THE AUTHORITIES OF RURAL AND SEMI-URBAN MUNICIPALITIES IN WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018)
- Iwona Pomianek, FINANCIAL AND MATERIAL EFFECTS OF SME INVESTMENTS UNDER OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS IN 2014–2020 IN POLAND , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 22 No. 4 (2023)
- Iwona Pomianek, DIFFERENTIATION OF THE LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AND SEMI-URBAN MUNICIPALITIES OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN 2004–2020 , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)
- Mariola Chrzanowska, Nina Drejerska, Iwona Pomianek, AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTIONAL AREA OF WARSAW WITH THE USE OF THE MEASURE OF RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND HELLWIG"S MEASURE , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 12 No. 1 (2013)
- Paweł Pięta, Iwona Pomianek, FACTORS INFLUENCING ON SETTING UP THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON RURAL AREAS IN SELECTED COMMUNES OF OLSZTYNSKI SUBREGION , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 7 No. 3 (2008)
- Iwona Pomianek, SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF RURAL AREAS OF WARMIA AND MAZURY PROVINCE , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia: Vol. 9 No. 3 (2010)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.