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Aim: This study examines the determinants of women’s willingness to pay for cooking gas in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, using household utility theory and the energy ladder theory. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design, and employed the contingent valuation method (CVM) using a payment scale format. The study was conducted with a sample of 150 women, selected through a multi-stage sampling process to ensure representation across the target population. The data source was primary data collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and a probit model were employed to analyze the data. Results: The study finds that women’s willingness to pay (WTP) for cooking gas is positively and significantly influenced by household size, average monthly household income, awareness of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) availability, the presence of a gas plant within the community, and proximity to selling points within a distance of 1‒3 km. Conversely, affordability challenges and the frequency of cooking gas purchases have a negative, significant effect on WTP, indicating that high costs and frequent refills discourage consistent use and willingness to pay for cooking gas among women. Conclusion: Policies should focus on improving LPG infrastructure, raising awareness, expanding income opportunities, and providing targeted subsidies to address affordability and reduce purchase – frequency barriers for women.
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